21 September 2026

The axe at the root of the tree.

Matthew 3.10, Luke 3.9.

This is one of those verses where Matthew and Luke match word-for-word. I mentioned in my previous John the baptist article they’re likely both quoting the same source, which scholars call Q. It comes right after that passage about how God can raise children of Abraham from rocks.

Matthew 3.10 KWL = Luke 3.9 KWL
“The axe lies at the root of the tree right now.
Thus every tree not producing good fruit
is cut down
and is thrown into fire.”

If you’re wondering what John meant by “the tree,” it should be obvious this is a metaphor for judgment. If it’s not so obvious, maybe it’s because you’re not familiar with the appropriate Old Testament passages. John’s audience was, but people nowadays don’t read, much less read their bibles, so it’s understandable.

Bible quote time! The Jeremiah bit is directed to Judah; Jr 11.15 the Ezekiel bit is warning the Egyptians about what the LORD did to Assyria, Ek 31.2-3 and the Daniel bit is when the prophet interprets Nabû-kudurri-uṣur’s dream. Da 4.18

Jeremiah 11.16 NET
“I, the LORD, once called you a thriving olive tree,
one that produced beautiful fruit.
But I will set you on fire,
fire that will blaze with a mighty roar.
Then all your branches will be good for nothing.”
Ezekiel 31.10-12 NET
10 “ ‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Because it was tall in stature, and its top reached into the clouds, and it was proud of its height, 11I gave it over to the leader of the nations. He has judged it thoroughly, as its sinfulness deserves. I have thrown it out. 12Foreigners from the most terrifying nations have cut it down and left it to lie there on the mountains. In all the valleys its branches have fallen, and its boughs lie broken in the ravines of the land. All the peoples of the land have departed from its shade and left it.”
Daniel 4.23 NET
“As for the king seeing a holy sentinel coming down from heaven and saying, ‘Chop down the tree and destroy it, but leave its taproot in the ground, with a band of iron and bronze around it, surrounded by the grass of the field. Let it become damp with the dew of the sky, and let it live with the wild animals, until seven periods of time go by for him’…”

In that last one, Nabû was foretold he’d go insane for seven years. Y’notice his tree was chopped down, but this didn’t mean Nabû would die; just be removed from power because he was barking mad. Because getting your tree cut down didn’t automatically mean death.

But the fire part? Yeah, that means death. Or Gehenna. You aren’t coming back from that fire.

Not an End Times prophecy.

Various bibles render this verse “will be cut down and thrown into the fire.” You’ll find this in the CSB, NIV and NRSV. But in the Greek text, these are present tense verbs. (In the Syriac NT they’re past tense; that’s still not future tense!) Lots of bibles, including the KJV, ESV, and NASB, translate it present tense correctly—“is hewn down, and cast into the fire.”

It’s not future tense because John’s not talking about the End Times. He is, as the adverb ἤδη/ídi, “right now,” makes it plain, talking about right now. Trees that don’t produce good fruit are right now gonna become firewood.

So why do these bibles translate the verse as if it is an End Times thing? Well, some of ’em justify it by pointing to John’s statement a few verses down about the one “mightier than I” who future-tense will clear his threshing floor, will gather the wheat into his barn, and will burn up the chaff with everlasting fire. Mt 3.12, Lk 3.17 That is an End Times verse. So they presume everything John the baptist has to say about judgment is likewise an End Times verse. Doesn’t this verse put the entire teaching into an End Times context?

Well no. No it doesn’t. Because the bit about the one “mightier than I” is future; it’s about a figure who comes after John, and will do mighty things at that time. But at this time, in the then-present day, you’re a tree. Either you’re fruitful or you’re not. And God’s got an axe. He’s not here to prune, like Jesus describes in John 15.2. He’s done with this particular tree.

As the Old Testament proves multiple times, judgment for one person, for one people-group, for one country—but not the entire world—can happen at any point the LORD deems enough is enough. He’s given ’em multiple chances to repent and they have not. So he’s gotta intervene to stop these people’s sin from spreading any further and destroying anyone else. If you think he doesn’t do this anymore, man did you not pay attention in your history classes. He never stopped.

And in John’s day, judgment was coming. In 40 years—within their lifetime—the Romans would destroy Jerusalem. Heck, given the capriciousness of the Roman emperors, they’d’ve destroyed it sooner if God hadn’t intervened multiple times to give Israel multiple chances. John was one of those chances. Jesus was another. Jesus’s apostles were several more.

So when John said the axe was at the root of the tree right now, he wasn’t kidding. Judea and Jerusalem had no idea how close their destruction was. And I’m not even talking about individual judgment—where God decides our individual time is up, and we die and go directly to paradise… or not.

This is why we have to decide for Jesus today. And every day. Every extra day God gives us, is more of his grace; another chance to repent and do the right thing, and thank him for his salvation by obeying him.

Are we gonna follow him, and in so doing produce good fruit? Or are we gonna become firewood?